BESEDNI ZAKLAD IN HARRY POTTER: IKT PRI POUČEVANJU BRANJA
Vocabulary and Harry Potter: ICT in teaching reading
Marjeta Doupona, Pedagoški inštitut
Matej Horvat, Gimnazija Moste
Povzetek
Pomanjkljiv besedni zaklad je ena največjih ovir pri branju in učenju. Kljub temu se zdi, da naše šole tej težavi na splošno posvečajo premalo pozornosti. Mladostnik, katerega besedni zaklad pri 20 letih obsega 20.000 besed, se je v povprečju od svojega rojstva vsak dan naučil 2,7 besed oziroma 19 na teden, če pa njegov besednjak meri 50.000 besed, pa to pomeni 6,8 besed na dan oziroma 48 besed na teden. SSKJ ima skoraj 100.000 besed, v Slovarju novejšega besedja slovenskega jezika je 6.000 besed. Vse besede, ki jih poznamo, pa seveda niti niso v slovarju.
Človek besedišče najbolj pospešeno gradi med 8 in 12 letom. To je tudi čas za branje Harryja Potterja. Koliko besed mora otrok poznati, da ga lahko razume? Koliko jih mora poznati, da lahko prebere določeno knjigo za domače branje? Za besedo velja osnovna oblika, ne glede na to, v koliko različnih oblikah je pregibana. Poznavanje besed za razumevanje prebranega je le en del bralnih veščin, ki jih mora imeti bralec, vendar je pogoj, ki mora biti izpolnjen.
Za osnovo sva avtorja prispevka vzela knjigo Polkrvni princ (v prevodu Branka Gradišnika), ki sva jo primerjala z nekaterimi drugi deli, ki jih morajo otroci v tej starosti prebrati. Predstavila bova metodologijo, s pomočjo katere sva ugotavljala število besed.
Digitalizacija leposlovja v slovenščini nam bo omogočila, da bomo težavnost knjig za otroke in mladino lahko presojali tudi s pomočjo ocene besednjaka, potrebnega za branje.
Abstract
A limited vocabulary is a major obstacle to reading and learning. Nevertheless, it often seems that our schools do not pay enough attention to this issue. A 20-year-old with a vocabulary of 20,000 words has learned an average of 2.7 words per day or 19 words per week since the day of his/her birth. If he/she has a vocabulary of 50,000 words, this amounts to learning 6.8 new words per day or 48 words per week. SSKJ, the Dictionary of Standard Slovenian, lists 100,000 Slovenian words, while another 6,000 can be found in the Dictionary of Recent Vocabulary in Literary Slovenian. Of course, these dictionaries do not provide us with a complete list of Slovenian vocabulary.
We acquire most of our vocabulary between the ages of eight and twelve. This is also the time when many read Harry Potter books. How many words should children know to understand them? How many should they know to understand a typical home reading assignment? Every word has a base form and a number of inflected forms. Knowing a word is only one of the reading skills, but at the same time it is a precondition for successful reading.
The authors base their contribution on the Slovenian translation of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (trans. by Branko Gradišnik). The book is compared to some of the texts that Slovenian students of this age are required to read. The authors will present the methodology that was employed to count the number of words in these books. The digitalization of Slovenian literary works will enable further analysis of the impact of vocabulary on their difficulty.
